It sounds like you are looking for a General Mathematics (Mathématiques Générales) study resource that includes both lessons and corrected exercises in a PDF format.
covering numerical sequences, functions, and matrix calculus applied to finance. It sounds like you are looking for a
L'Essai "À Blanc" : Prenez un exercice et passez-y au moins 20 minutes sans regarder la solution. Cherchez des pistes, même si elles n'aboutissent pas. EDO — Oscillateur amorti