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Understanding Animal Behavior: The Key to Better Veterinary Care

VI. Psychopharmacology (When Behavior Needs Medication)

| Drug Class | Examples | Use | Notes | |------------|----------|-----|-------| | SSRIs | Fluoxetine, paroxetine | Chronic anxiety, aggression, compulsive disorders | 4-8 wk onset; no abrupt stop | | Tricyclics | Clomipramine, amitriptyline | Separation anxiety, OCD | Same as SSRIs | | Azapirones | Buspirone | Anxiety in cats (not dogs) | Anxiolytic, no sedation | | Benzodiazepines | Alprazolam, diazepam | Situational fear (storms, vet visits), status epilepticus | Risk of disinhibition aggression; dependence | | Alpha-2 agonists | Dexmedetomidine (SILEO) | Noise phobia, chemical restraint | Sedation, not for chronic daily use | | NMDA antagonists | Gabapentin, amantadine | Chronic pain + anxiety, pre-visit anxiolysis | Gabapentin excellent for cats | | MAOIs | Selegiline | Canine Cognitive Dysfunction | Also for pituitary-dependent Cushing’s | comics de zoofilia poringa

• Separation Anxiety
• Aggression
• Fear and Anxiety
• Destructive Behavior

Cats

| Behavior | Possible Medical Causes | |----------|------------------------| | Urinating outside litter box | FIC (feline idiopathic cystitis), FLUTD (stones), CKD, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, arthritis (pain entering box) | | Aggression when petted | Hyperesthesia syndrome, spinal pain, arthritis, dental pain, skin disease | | Excessive grooming (overgrooming) | Allergic skin disease, psychogenic alopecia (often after stress, but rule out medical first), pain (e.g., feline orofacial pain syndrome) | | Hiding, decreased interaction | Hyperthyroidism, CKD, diabetes, dental disease, neoplasia, pain | | Night-time vocalization (older cats) | Hyperthyroidism, hypertension, sensory decline, cognitive dysfunction | Understanding Animal Behavior: The Key to Better Veterinary